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Investing in Justice: Courthouse Complex

Public Safety Building Poses Risks to Safety, Justice 

Like all Wisconsin counties, Milwaukee County is considered an administrative arm of the State of Wisconsin and is mandated to provide certain services – including judicial services. As a result, Milwaukee County maintains and operates facilities including the Historic Courthouse and the Public Safety Building at the Courthouse Complex in downtown Milwaukee. 

The existing Courthouse Complex facilities are severely outdated and present challenges to public safety and security. Most pressing, the Public Safety Building was built nearly 100 years ago and does not meet modern needs for supporting the safety of our region, the health of our community, or the rehabilitation of our neighbors.

Construction and renovation within the Courthouse Complex is necessary. It is critical to pursue it now to protect taxpayers, address significant safety and constitutional concerns, and preserve the continuity of court operations.  Delaying means monumental cost increases, reducing available resources for critical services for our most vulnerable.

The Courthouse Complex is comprised of three buildings in downtown Milwaukee: The Historic Courthouse (901 N. 9th St.), the Criminal Justice Facility (949 N. 9th St.) and the Public Safety Building (821 W. State St.).


Years of Analysis Point to Path Forward

In 2016, a Milwaukee County Courthouse Advisory Group was created to address critical problems with the Public Safety Building. That group published a report that recommended replacing the Public Safety Building and moving all criminal courts into one facility. That recommendation was backed up in 2018 by a Wisconsin Policy Forum report further exploring the need for investments and options to finance a new facility.

Nearly a decade after the Courthouse Advisory Group was created, Milwaukee County faces a now-critical need to re-envision and invest in justice and safety through the construction of a new building to replace the crumbling Public Safety Building and the renovation of the other integrated facilities.

 

Poor building flow impacts court outcomes

The Public Safety Building’s layout does not comply with Wisconsin Supreme Court Rule #68 governing the structure and design of courthouses. Without secure paths to transport 10,000 annual defendants away from victims, jurors and the public, interactions between defendants and others in common areas lead to mistrials, a slowed process, and exacerbate backlogs.

Spaces in the Public Safety Building are functionally obsolete

  • Many spaces are not ADA-compliant.

  • 60,000 square feet (20%) sit vacant due to low ceiling heights, uneven flooring and inadequate column density that make the space unsafe and undignified. Most of the vacant space is in the old county jail, which has not been used for 30 years.

  • Infrastructure is failing: facades are crumbling, pipes are leaking and windows are breaking. 

  • The electrical system has exceeded its useful lifespan, air distribution is limited without mechanical ventilation, air quality issues exist, and there is known asbestos and lead-containing materials in the building. 

 

Image of police car crushed by fallen debris

Image of police car damaged by fallen debris from the Public Safety Building. 

Repairs and Renovations Are Not Enough

Each year, Milwaukee County sets aside about $500,000 to address emergency repairs. If Milwaukee County spent $330 million in deferred maintenance to bring the existing building into code compliance, those investments would still not address the obsolete, unsafe layout of the facility or bring the Public Safety Building up to Wisconsin Supreme Court standards. 

Repairs and renovations are not enough. A replacement for the Public Safety Building is needed. 

Investing in Justice Is the Path Forward

Through new, modern facilities and renovations in the Historic Courthouse, designed with a trauma-informed approach and a restorative, community focus, Milwaukee County can:

  • Improve public safety
  • Improve outcomes for all who interact with the justice system
  • Improve efficiency and reduce jail crowding

Since 2016, the Milwaukee County budget has included funding to plan for the future of justice system facilities. Over the next several years, Milwaukee County will continue planning to address its facility needs, potential improvements and the logistics that would accompany any facility construction or renovation. In fall 2024, Milwaukee County identified a design consultant team that will work in partnership with County officials and secure input from stakeholders in order to design a new building to meet Milwaukee County’s needs. 

Any significant work on facilities will be a multi-year process. One that Milwaukee County will approach intentionally and with community input to ensure that facilities support the County’s efforts to advance better outcomes for our community.

 


Frequently Asked Questions

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  Will the existing Historic Courthouse be demolished?

No.

  What state mandated services are performed within the Courthouse Complex? What services and programming will be in the new building?

The Public Safety Building is the facility where Milwaukee County delivers many of the services mandated by the state, such as criminal courts, the District Attorney office, public defenders, pre-trial services, and more. These services are expected to be housed in the new building.   

A new building is also an opportunity to reimagine how the Courthouse Complex provides resources and programming to those impacted by the justice process. As Milwaukee County works with our community to catalog services and facility needs, judicial system leaders are committed to re-envisioning how the building’s design can complement and support Milwaukee County’s goal to provide justice services and programming with dignity and a human-centered approach for all involved.  

  Milwaukee County has some of the highest incarceration rates among Black men. If the County is committed to racial equity, why is it investing in updating the Courthouse Complex? Won’t that increase incarceration in our community?

Building a new, modern, and efficient building to replace the Public Safety Building will not create additional arrests or increase incarceration, as there will be no additional jails or bed space in a new building.  

Milwaukee County’s Courthouse Complex is severely outdated and, in some cases, functionally obsolete, presenting numerous challenges. A new building must happen. However, the necessary replacement and renovations within the Courthouse Complex present a unique opportunity to create facilities that are designed with a trauma-informed lens and a restorative, community focus. With intentional design, Milwaukee County strives to improve outcomes for all those who interact with the justice system by reducing future case backlogs, efficiently connecting individuals to necessary services, and providing a safe environment for all. Through these investments, Milwaukee County’s goal is to leverage this as an opportunity to create new facilities that foster greater dignity for those involved in the justice system.  

  What would happen if Milwaukee County chose not to prioritize investment in the Courthouse Complex?

If Milwaukee County cannot move forward with necessary investments in the justice system, specifically by constructing a new building to replace the Public Safety Building, our community will feel the negative effects. Safety and security issues tied to the building’s layout and structure will continue. Mistrials related to a lack of secured, separated corridors will continue. Backlogs of cases may increase. County deferred maintenance costs will continue to grow. 

The current structures do not meet standards required to fulfill state mandates, nor serve the community with dignity and efficiency. Removing the Public Safety Building and renovations throughout the Courthouse Complex is not a matter of if, but when.  

Currently, state mandates cost Milwaukee County roughly $173.3M per year. That’s nearly 80% of Milwaukee County’s local levy - and they’re growing at two times the rate of revenues. If Milwaukee County waits, the cost for the project will only increase. It is estimated that if Milwaukee County waits just three to five years, the cost would be an additional $100M.  

  How much would it cost to renovate existing Milwaukee County public safety facilities and/or build a new courthouse?

Milwaukee County remains in the early stages of planning for any facility construction or renovations, however, it is estimated that construction of a new building and the associated renovations necessary to bring the Historic Courthouse and existing Criminal Justice Facility Courthouse Complex in line with modern needs will require a $400-500M investment. 

Milwaukee County is seeking funding partnerships with state and federal officials to ensure we can meet the justice needs of our community and provide state-mandated services. 

  Where would a new building be located?

A location has not yet been determined. Milwaukee County remains in the early stages of planning for any facility construction or renovation. 

Any significant work on facilities will be a multi-year process; one that Milwaukee County will approach intentionally and with community input to ensure that facilities support the County’s efforts to advance better outcomes for our community. 

Additional details about this effort will be shared in the months and years ahead. 

Learn More

Community Listening Sessions

Attend a listening session to provide valuable input on necessary improvements for Milwaukee County’s courthouse facilities. Listening sessions will take place on the following dates and times: 

  • Tuesday, March 18, 6 - 7:30 p.m., Milwaukee Public Library Washington Park Branch (2121 N. Sherman Blvd.) 
  • Thursday, March 20, 6 - 7:30 p.m.,  St. Augustine Preparatory Academy (2607 S. 5th St.) 
  • Wednesday, March 26, 6 p.m. - 7:30 p.m., Milwaukee Turners Vel Phillips Forum (1040 N. Vel Phillips Ave.) 
    • Virtual option available. Link to come. 

RSVP Here

If you are unable to attend a listening session, consider attending the Milwaukee Community Brainstorming meeting will discuss the Investing in Justice Project on Saturday, March 22, from 8 - 11 a.m. at St. Matthew C.M.E Church (2944 N. 9th St.). These meetings are open to the public. 

Additional information about Milwaukee County’s Investing in Justice: Courthouse Complex efforts will be shared in the months and years ahead. Questions can be emailed to [email protected].


 

Resources & Background Information 

 


Media Coverage 

MILWAUKEE COUNTY OFFICE OF
STRATEGY, BUDGET & PERFORMANCE

Milwaukee County Courthouse
901 N. 9th St., Room 308
Milwaukee, WI 53233

Email: [email protected]

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